Weaning is a critical phase in the life of any calf, but for Highland cattle, known for their hardy nature and thick coats, the process requires special consideration. Getting the timing and methods right can reduce stress, improve health outcomes, and set your herd up for long-term success. Here’s everything you need to know about weaning Highland calves.
When to Wean Highland Calves
Highland calves are typically weaned between 6 and 10 months of age. Unlike some commercial breeds that are weaned earlier to maximize dam productivity, Highlands benefit from a longer nursing period due to their slower growth rate and the need for robust immune development. Most experienced Highland breeders aim for weaning around 7–9 months, depending on the calf’s condition, the dam’s body score, and seasonal factors.
Signs It’s Time to Wean
- The calf is consistently eating hay or pasture and drinking water.
- The dam is losing body condition despite good feed.
- The calf’s rumen is functional (they are seen chewing cud).
- Weaning before winter is often preferred to allow calves to adjust before cold stress sets in.
Best Practices for Low-Stress Weaning
Highland cattle are generally docile but can be protective mothers. A calm weaning process is essential to avoid injury and illness. Here are the top recommended methods:
1. Two-Stage Weaning Using Nose Flaps
Nose flaps (or anti-sucking devices) are placed on the calf for a few days while they remain with the dam. The flap prevents suckling but allows grazing and bonding. After 5–7 days, the flap is removed and the calf is separated. This method drastically reduces bawling and stress for both cow and calf.
2. Gradual Separation
Instead of sudden separation, move cows and calves to adjacent pens where they can still see, smell, and touch each other through the fence for a week. Then, move them farther apart. This gradual approach reduces anxiety and the need for fence walking.
3. Ensure Proper Nutrition Post-Weaning
Weaned calves need high-quality forage or a balanced calf ration to maintain growth. Provide clean water, mineral supplements, and access to shelter, especially if weaning coincides with colder months. Monitor body condition weekly and adjust feed as needed.
4. Health Management
Weaning is stressful, so vaccination schedules should be completed at least two weeks prior. Watch for signs of respiratory illness or scours. Keep pens clean and avoid overcrowding. Deworming and fly control also help during this transition.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Weaning too early: Before 6 months, calves may not have a fully developed rumen or sufficient immune protection.
- Abrupt separation: Can cause extreme stress, weight loss, and even injury from fence pacing.
- Poor nutrition post-weaning: Underfeeding leads to poor growth and higher disease susceptibility.
- Ignoring weather: Weaning during extreme heat or cold without adequate shelter can set calves back.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I wean Highland calves earlier than 6 months?
While possible, it’s not recommended. Highland calves benefit from maternal milk for immune support and steady growth. Early weaning may require more intensive feeding management and increased risk of health issues.
Should I wean before or after winter?
Many breeders prefer weaning at least 4–6 weeks before winter so calves have time to adjust and build condition before cold weather. If weaning must occur in winter, ensure excellent shelter and high-energy feed.
What about the dam after weaning?
Dry cows can be moved to a lower-quality diet to prevent obesity. They need access to clean water and minerals, and their udders should be monitored for signs of mastitis for about a week.
Conclusion
Weaning Highland calves doesn’t have to be a battle. By choosing the right time (typically 7–9 months) and using low-stress methods like nose flaps or gradual separation, you can ensure a smooth transition for both calf and cow. Prioritize nutrition, health, and comfort, and your calves will continue to thrive into adulthood. For more tips on raising Highland cattle, explore our breeder guides and health management articles.
